Worm gear reducer is a type of power transmission mechanism that uses a gear speed converter to reduce the number of revolutions of an electric motor (motor) to the desired number of revolutions and obtain a large torque. Among the mechanisms currently used for transmitting power and motion, the application scope of reducers is quite extensive.

The basic structure of a worm gear reducer mainly consists of transmission components such as worm gear, shaft, bearings, housing, and accessories. It can be divided into three basic structural parts: housing, worm gear, and bearing shaft combination. The casing is the base of all components in the worm gear reducer, which supports and fixes the shaft components, ensures the correct relative position of the transmission components, and supports the load acting on the reducer. The main function of worm gear is to transmit motion and power between two intersecting shafts, while the main function of bearings and shafts is to transmit power, operate, and improve efficiency.

In the transmission mode of the worm gear reducer, the worm gear transmission has a characteristic that other gear transmissions do not have, that is, the worm gear can easily rotate the worm gear, but the worm gear cannot rotate the worm gear. This is because the structure and transmission of the worm gear are achieved through friction. The self-locking function of the worm gear transmission method of the worm gear reducer is very useful in mechanical applications, such as winches, conveying equipment, and so on. The transmission method of worm gear reducer belongs to worm gear transmission, which is equivalent to spiral transmission. It is precisely because of this transmission method that when the worm gear reducer reaches a certain speed ratio and the lead angle of the worm is less than the equivalent friction angle between the meshing teeth, the mechanism has self-locking properties and can achieve reverse self-locking, that is, only the worm gear can drive the worm wheel, not the worm wheel.